{"id":380370,"date":"2025-04-29T17:53:49","date_gmt":"2025-04-29T15:53:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/djc.com.ua\/news\/syogodni-191-sha-richnyczya-z-dnya-narodzhennya-chetvertogo-lyubavyczykogo-rebe-rebe-maarasha\/"},"modified":"2025-04-29T18:00:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-29T16:00:21","slug":"syogodni-191-sha-richnyczya-z-dnya-narodzhennya-chetvertogo-lyubavyczykogo-rebe-rebe-maarasha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/djc.com.ua\/en\/news\/syogodni-191-sha-richnyczya-z-dnya-narodzhennya-chetvertogo-lyubavyczykogo-rebe-rebe-maarasha\/","title":{"rendered":"Today is the 191st anniversary of the birth of the Fourth Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Rebbe Maharash"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Today, with the coming 2nd of Iyar, we mark the 191st anniversary of the birth of the fourth leader of the Lubavitch movement, Rabbi Shmuel, also known as the Rebbe Maharash. He was the seventh son of the third Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel, the Tzemach Tzedek.<\/p>\n

The second of Iyar corresponds to the Omer count day of Tiferet sheb\u2019Tiferet<\/em> (\u201cBeauty within Beauty\u201d), since the Torah commands counting seven weeks from the end of the first day of Passover until the festival of Shavuot. Each week corresponds to one of the seven sefirot<\/em> \u2013 divine attributes: the first is Chesed<\/em> (Kindness), the second is Gevurah<\/em> (Strength or Judgment), and the third is Tiferet<\/em> (Beauty, Splendor). The seven days of each week represent combinations of the week\u2019s sefira<\/em> with the other six, with one day representing that sefira<\/em> in its pure form. Thus, the third day of the third week is Tiferet sheb\u2019Tiferet<\/em> \u2013 the \u201cEssence of Splendor\u201d.<\/p>\n

There is a story in Chabad history about the Rebbe Maharash\u2019s birth. His father, the Tzemach Tzedek, purchased a plot of land in Lubavitch to build a large house \u2013 a Beit Midrash<\/em> and yeshiva. This was shortly after a major fire had swept through the town. It is said that the town governor, Count Lubomirski, ordered his estate manager to supply all the timber needed for the construction from the governor\u2019s own forest \u2013 free of charge.<\/p>\n

The housewarming was scheduled for Shavuot, but the Rebbe\u2019s wife, Rebbetzin Chaya Mushka, wanted to give birth in the new home. When her labor began, she went there. In the new house, which had not yet been used, Passover utensils were stored, including a wooden bench used for sifting flour for shmurah matzah<\/em>. It was on this bench that straw was laid, and the Rebbetzin lay down.<\/p>\n

The account goes as follows: \u201cWhen the Tzemach Tzedek was informed, he hurried to the new house, entered the room, and stood there facing the wall throughout the labor. He instructed his sons \u2013 Rabbi Baruch Shalom, Rabbi Yehuda Leib, and Rabbi Chaim Schneur Zalman \u2013 to recite specific chapters of Tehillim<\/em> (Psalms): 1, 2, 3, 4, 21, 22, 23, 24, 33, 47, 72, 86, 90, 91, 104, 112, and from 113 to the end of the book. He also ordered the midwives to immerse in a mikveh before delivering the child and instructed them to receive the newborn in a special piece of white linen that he had brought.\u201d<\/p>\n

The entry of the infant into the covenant of Avraham Avinu took place on the 9th of Iyar, and there is also a meaningful story about it:<\/p>\n

\u201cOn the eighth day after the birth of his son, the Tzemach Tzedek instructed that the morning prayers begin earlier than usual. By 10 a.m., all the household members had already gathered in the synagogue, led by Chaim Avraham \u2013 the son of the Alter Rebbe.<\/p>\n

When it was already 2 p.m. and the Tzemach Tzedek was still secluded in his ‘Holy Chamber’, those gathered began to worry. Rabbi Chaim Avraham said: \u2018Apparently, he is occupied with guests more distinguished than us,\u2019 and sighed. After another half hour, the Tzemach Tzedek emerged from his room. His holy face was radiant, and his eyes were red from weeping. In his hand was a red handkerchief. The Rebbe said the circumcision would take place today, paused briefly, and returned to his room.<\/p>\n

Rabbi Chaim Avraham rose from his seat, walked to the window, rested his head on his hands, and became lost in thought. The sons of the Tzemach Tzedek discussed Torah and Chassidic ideas, while the tension among the guests increased. The Rebbetzin sent someone to ask her husband why the circumcision was delayed for so long, but Rabbi Chaim Avraham stopped the messenger.<\/p>\n

After 3 p.m., the Tzemach Tzedek again came out of his room with a glowing face and told the guests to prepare their hearts, because the circumcision would indeed happen today. Then he returned once more to his room. At 4 p.m., he came out a third time and instructed that the afternoon prayer not be started yet, as the circumcision would soon take place. Shortly after, he emerged from his room again, went to the room of the mother to discuss the naming of the child, and instructed that the baby be prepared.<\/p>\n

During the circumcision, the infant cried intensely. Then the Tzemach Tzedek took his left hand out from under the pillow that rests on the knees of the one holding the child, placed it on the baby\u2019s head \u2014 and the baby stopped crying.\u201d<\/p>\n

During the meal, Rabbi Yehuda Leib, the second son of the Tzemach Tzedek, asked his father whom the child was named after.
“It seems no one in our family had such a name,” he said, adding, “Maybe after the prophet Shmuel?”
The Tzemach Tzedek replied: “After the water-carrier from Polotsk named Shmuel \u2014 for a sage is preferable to a prophet.”<\/p>\n

Yehuda Veksler, in an article about the Rebbe Maharash, emphasizes:
“The circumcision \u2014 that is, the entrance into the covenant which the Almighty made with Avraham \u2014 took place during the week associated with the Sefirah of Netzach (the will to triumph). It fell on the day combining it with the Sefirah of Tiferet: the 9th of Iyar, Tiferet she-be-Netzach, ‘Beauty within the will to triumph.’ And these two Sefirot \u2014 Tiferet and Netzach \u2014 largely characterize the personality and mission of the Maharash himself.”<\/p>\n

His father, the Tzemach Tzedek, indicated this. The first time was when he examined his seven-year-old son in front of his teacher. The boy answered so impressively that the teacher, unable to contain himself, asked the Rebbe: \u201cSo? What do you say?!\u201d
The Tzemach Tzedek replied: \u201cWhat\u2019s there to be impressed by \u2014 if ‘Tiferet she-be-Tiferet’ is doing its job well?\u201d<\/p>\n

In the year 5603 (1843), several prominent rabbis and public figures came to Lubavitch to consult with the Tzemach Tzedek. Among them was Rabbi David Luria from Bykhov, who engaged in a Talmudic debate with nine-year-old Shmuel on a difficult passage \u2014 and the boy convinced him he was right. Upon hearing of this, the Tzemach Tzedek said: \u201cIt\u2019s no wonder \u2014 his circumcision fell on Tiferet she-be-Netzach!\u201d<\/p>\n

The Tzemach Tzedek knew the lofty soul possessed by his youngest son. In fact, he used to refer to his sons by the dominant trait in each \u2014 \u201cmy Chassid,\u201d \u201cmy scholar,\u201d and so on. But about the Maharash he would say: \u201cAll of it \u2014 is in him.\u201d<\/p>\n

By the age of seven, the Maharash already knew the Chumash (Pentateuch), most of the Prophets and Writings, and was studying Talmud with commentaries. At that time, he also began listening to his father\u2019s Chassidic discourses, the maamarim<\/em>.
By the time of his Bar Mitzvah (following the custom of the Rebbe’s household, instituted by the Alter Rebbe), he already knew the Mishnah by heart. The Tzemach Tzedek personally taught him the Tanya<\/em>, which the child, like his father, had memorized by the time of his Bar Mitzvah.<\/p>\n

From early childhood, the Tzemach Tzedek paid close and constant attention to raising his youngest son \u2014 literally never taking his eyes off him. This was noticeable even in minor matters and amazed everyone. The older brothers of Shmuel \u2014 most of whom later became Rebbes themselves \u2014 understood better than anyone that their father was preparing their younger brother in a special way for a unique mission: not just to lead a group of Chassidim, but to become a spiritual leader of the people of Israel.<\/p>\n

Even as a child, through his charm, he managed to win the affection of elder Chassidim. From them, he heard many stories about earlier times and began recording them as soon as he learned to write. (In this too, he followed the example of his father, who at the same age spent as much time as possible in the company of elder Chassidim, listening to their conversations.)<\/p>\n

When Rebbe Shmuel was approaching his eighteenth year, the Tzemach Tzedek told his son that it was time to take the exam for receiving semicha<\/em> \u2014 rabbinic ordination. The Maharash followed his father’s instruction and \u2014 on several occasions, at different times \u2014 received semicha<\/em> from the leading rabbis of the time, including the brilliant Rabbi Yitzchak Aizik Epstein, the rabbi of Gomel, and the renowned Chassid and tzaddik Rabbi Hillel of Paritch. However, he kept his knowledge hidden and conducted himself with remarkable modesty. One incident in particular illustrates this.<\/p>\n

From the age of twenty-one, by the instruction of the Tzemach Tzedek, the Maharash began engaging in communal affairs, often undertaking very difficult missions from his father \u2014 typically carried out discreetly.
Once, while passing through the town of Belz, the Maharash, dressed modestly like a merchant, entered the beit midrash<\/em> of the famed Rabbi Sar Shalom, the founder of the Belz dynasty. The hall was full of Chassidim, and when the tzaddik (who was blind) entered, a path was cleared for him from the door to his seat. However, as soon as he stepped inside, Rabbi Sar Shalom paused and said he sensed a wonderful fragrance. Then he decisively made his way toward the Maharash, who stood quietly in a far corner. The Rebbe took him by the hand and said: \u201cYoung man, you can\u2019t hide from me!\u201d \u2014 and led him to his own place. One of the Chassidim tried to “correct the mistake,” saying: \u201cRebbe! But he\u2019s just a simple merchant!\u201d
\u201cIndeed!\u201d he replied. \u201cHe is<\/em> a merchant: \u2018For her [the Torah\u2019s] acquisition is better than any merchandise.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cNo one sees anything remarkable in him, and no one knows anything about him,\u201d recalled one of the senior Chassidim, Rabbi Dan Tomarkin, \u201cbut once you begin speaking with him \u2014 there is not a single area of Torah he does not know thoroughly. He learns Torah quietly, for its own sake, and naturally fulfills the Mishnah’s words: \u2018<…> They grant him royalty and authority <…> and reveal to him the secrets of the Torah <…> and it exalts him and elevates him above all other pursuits.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

So it is no wonder that at the beginning of the year 5626, the final year of his life (that is, in the fall of 1865), the Tzemach Tzedek instructed the Maharash to begin publicly delivering maamarim<\/em> \u2014 essentially, to act as Rebbe. Shortly before his passing, he wrote to the Chassidim: \u201cListen to him as you listened to me.\u201d
To the Maharash himself, the Tzemach Tzedek left the following testament:
\u201c…Be strong and courageous to write and to speak, and I grant you full permission. Fear no one, and the Almighty, blessed be His Name, will grant you success \u2014 both materially and spiritually: to learn and to teach, to observe and to fulfill.\u201d
And he signed: \u201cYour father, who cares for the welfare and benefit of our Chassidim.\u201d<\/p>\n

The entire life of Rebbe Maharash was filled with trials; to withstand them, he constantly had to awaken and renew within himself Netzach<\/em> \u2014 the will to prevail.<\/p>\n

At the age of thirteen, the Maharash was betrothed to the daughter of his older brother, Rabbi Chaim Schneur Zalman \u2014 the third son of the Tzemach Tzedek. Both the preparations for the wedding and the celebration itself were filled with a festive spirit. However, during the \u201cseven days of feasting\u201d following the wedding, the young bride fell seriously ill and passed away three months later. To console his son, the Tzemach Tzedek placed him in the room next to his own study, granted him permission to come in at any time, dedicated more time to learning with him, and showed him manuscripts he had never shared with anyone else. Two years later, in the summer of 5609 (1849), the Maharash married Rivka, the daughter of Rabbi Aharon Alexandrov of Shklov, and granddaughter (on her mother\u2019s side) of the Mitteler Rebbe, Rabbi DovBer.<\/p>\n

As previously mentioned, already during the Tzemach Tzedek\u2019s lifetime, the Maharash began active involvement in public affairs. Under his father’s directives, he established personal contacts both in Russia \u2014 particularly within government circles \u2014 and in Western Europe, mainly among influential Jewish financiers and communal leaders. His first major success came in 1863, when \u2014 through his personal intervention in Kyiv and negotiations with the governor \u2014 he saved hundreds of Jewish families from being expelled from villages in Volhynia. In 1865, the Maharash traveled to St. Petersburg and succeeded in repealing a proposed set of new restrictions on Jews in Lithuania and Western Ukraine. Later, in 1869, he organized a permanent Jewish council in St. Petersburg to address communal concerns. In both 1870 and 1879, despite his deteriorating health, the Maharash exerted tremendous effort to quell emerging waves of anti-Jewish pogroms.<\/p>\n

A staunch defender of the principles of Judaism, the Maharash often ignored the opinions and egos of the assimilated \u201curban elite\u201d Jews \u2014 and thus incurred their fierce animosity. This was especially evident in 1880, when a state-sponsored wave of pogroms began to rise, and the Rebbe, urgently returning from abroad, arrived in St. Petersburg. He managed to gain support from high-ranking officials, but they advised that, for greater impact, the Minister of the Interior and the head of the Senate should be visited by a Jewish delegation made up of prominent financiers, wealthy individuals, and scholars \u2014 led by the famed philanthropist and patron of science and the arts, Baron Horace Ginzburg.<\/p>\n

The Rebbe convened the proposed delegates for an emergency meeting and laid out a detailed plan of action. But Ginzburg responded indignantly:
\u201cWhat are we, logs? To be moved around like pawns?! If we truly are prominent people, you must consult with us regularly \u2014 and if not, then you can manage this without us!\u201d<\/p>\n

The Maharash replied:
\u201cIt is written in the Megillah: \u2018For if you remain silent at this time, relief and salvation will come to the Jews from another place, but you and your father\u2019s house will perish.\u2019 I have no doubt that \u2018relief and salvation will come to the Jews\u2019 \u2014 and if you do not want to be part of it, it will come \u2018from another place.\u2019 But then \u2014 \u2018you and your father\u2019s house will perish\u2019!…\u201d<\/p>\n

And the Rebbe went to the Minister of the Interior by himself \u2014 accompanied only by two Chassidim.<\/p>\n

The minister received the Rebbe warmly, but the Maharash openly reproached him for failing to fulfill his earlier promise to stop the pogroms, pointing out that such actions were drawing negative attention from abroad. The official admitted that he was well aware of the great power of foreign Jewish capitalists, but also noted that they held no sympathy for Russian Jews \u2014 and in fact, harbored outright disdain for Orthodox rabbis.<\/p>\n

\u201cYou have no understanding of the psychology of Jews and of their brotherly love for one another,\u201d replied the Rebbe. \u201cI receive inquiries from influential capitalists abroad, asking how to respond to the disturbing reports about the situation of Jews in Russia and what can be done to protect their lives and property.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAnd what did you reply?\u201d the minister asked irritably.<\/p>\n

\u201cI refrained from answering until I hear the response of the Russian government to my petitions.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cYou are threatening the Russian government with the intervention of foreign capitalists?!\u201d the minister raised his voice.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe minister must not take my words as a threat,\u201d the Rebbe answered boldly, \u201cbut must regard them as a very serious fact. Because support will be extended even by non-Jewish capitalists \u2014 for such barbaric actions demand a strong response from all humanity!\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cSo, you intend to incite a revolution in Russia with the help of foreign capital?!\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThat revolution will eventually be brought about by Russian statesmen themselves \u2014 with their bureaucracy and irresponsibility,\u201d the Maharash replied fearlessly, and left.<\/p>\n

When he returned to his hotel, he lost consciousness. A doctor, Professor Joseph Bertenson \u2014 who had sympathies for the Rebbe and had treated him during previous visits to Petersburg \u2014 was immediately summoned. Incidentally, it was Bertenson who had arranged the Rebbe\u2019s meeting with the Minister of the Interior. The doctor examined the Rebbe, gave care instructions, and visited him several times. For nearly two days, the Maharash remained unconscious. When he regained consciousness, Professor Bertenson reproached him for completely neglecting his health.<\/p>\n

\u201cAll my fathers,\u201d the Maharash replied, \u201cwere willing to sacrifice themselves for the people of Israel, and I can do no less.\u201d<\/p>\n

Two weeks later, a favorable response was received from the minister, and the pogroms ceased \u2014 at least for a time.<\/p>\n

But the Maharash did not only sacrifice himself for the Jewish people as a whole \u2014 he did so even for individual Jews. The Rebbe Rayatz told the story of how the Maharash once abruptly interrupted his treatment at a health resort and went to Paris for one reason only \u2014 to enter the gambling hall of the most luxurious hotel, approach a certain player, and quietly say to him in Hebrew: \u201cYoung man, non-Jewish wine deadens both the mind and the heart. Be a Jew!\u201d<\/p>\n

One of the Maharash\u2019s attendants later recounted that he had never seen the Rebbe in such turmoil. And the person to whom the Rebbe spoke during the game was so deeply moved by the words that he sought out the Maharash at the hotel and asked to speak with him. They spoke privately for a long time. Then the young man left, and the Rebbe immediately departed Paris. Later, the Rebbe said that for generations, such a pure soul had not descended to this world, yet it had fallen captive to the forces of impurity. Shortly after the Maharash returned to Lubavitch, that young man came there as well \u2014 having completely changed his way of life and conduct.<\/p>\n

There is a \u201crule of the Rebbe Maharash\u201d \u2014 lechat\u2019chila ariber<\/em> (\u201cgo over from the outset\u201d). The Maharash often said: \u201cPeople usually say: if you can\u2019t overcome an obstacle from below, try to climb over it from above. But I say: lechat\u2019chila ariber<\/em> \u2014 from the very beginning, overcome it from above.\u201d This is exactly how he lived, and this is how he taught his chassidim \u2014 and all Jews \u2014 to live.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Today, with the coming 2nd of Iyar, we mark the 191st anniversary of the birth of the fourth leader of the Lubavitch movement, Rabbi Shmuel, also known as the Rebbe Maharash. He was the seventh son of the third Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel, the Tzemach Tzedek. The second of Iyar corresponds to the Omer … Today is the 191st anniversary of the birth of the Fourth Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Rebbe Maharash<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":380340,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-380370","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nToday is the 191st anniversary of the birth of the Fourth Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Rebbe Maharash - DJC<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/djc.com.ua\/en\/news\/syogodni-191-sha-richnyczya-z-dnya-narodzhennya-chetvertogo-lyubavyczykogo-rebe-rebe-maarasha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Today is the 191st anniversary of the birth of the Fourth Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Rebbe Maharash - DJC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Today, with the coming 2nd of Iyar, we mark the 191st anniversary of the birth of the fourth leader of the Lubavitch movement, Rabbi Shmuel, also known as the Rebbe Maharash. He was the seventh son of the third Chabad Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel, the Tzemach Tzedek. The second of Iyar corresponds to the Omer ... Today is the 191st anniversary of the birth of the Fourth Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Rebbe Maharash\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/djc.com.ua\/en\/news\/syogodni-191-sha-richnyczya-z-dnya-narodzhennya-chetvertogo-lyubavyczykogo-rebe-rebe-maarasha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"DJC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-04-29T15:53:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-04-29T16:00:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/djc.com.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/001-124.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"934\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"466\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Manager1\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Manager1\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"16 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/djc.com.ua\/en\/news\/syogodni-191-sha-richnyczya-z-dnya-narodzhennya-chetvertogo-lyubavyczykogo-rebe-rebe-maarasha\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/djc.com.ua\/en\/news\/syogodni-191-sha-richnyczya-z-dnya-narodzhennya-chetvertogo-lyubavyczykogo-rebe-rebe-maarasha\/\",\"name\":\"Today is the 191st anniversary of the birth of the Fourth Lubavitcher Rebbe, the Rebbe Maharash - 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